Spinal deformity

Spinal deformity is any abnormality in the alignment or the shape of the vertebral column i.e. a curvy spine. Normal spine has gentle curvature, when the curvature is exaggerated they are considered as deformities. The common signs of spinal deformities are uneven shoulders, uneven hips, a protruding shoulder blade, misalignment of the head over the midline of the body and fatigue. These conditions arise for the reasons, including inborn deformities, age related degeneration, sickness processes, alternative conditions, or idiopathic causes. It can be diagnosed by the Adam’s forward bend test.Spinal deformity refers to abnormal curvature or misalignment of the spine, which can occur in various forms and have different causes. The spine normally has gentle curves when viewed from the side (lordosis in the cervical and lumbar regions, kyphosis in the thoracic region) and should appear straight when viewed from the front or back. However, spinal deformities can disrupt these natural curves, resulting in conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Scoliosis is characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine, which may resemble an "S" or "C" shape when viewed on X-rays. It can develop during childhood or adolescence (adolescent idiopathic scoliosis) or be present at birth (congenital scoliosis). Other types include neuromuscular scoliosis, which occurs due to conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, and degenerative scoliosis, which develops in adults due to wear and tear on the spine.

Kyphosis refers to an exaggerated forward rounding of the upper back, leading to a hunched posture. It can result from poor posture, degenerative changes in the spine, compression fractures due to osteoporosis, or congenital abnormalities. Lordosis, on the other hand, is an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower back, causing the buttocks to protrude. It can occur due to obesity, pregnancy, poor posture, or conditions such as spondylolisthesis.

  • Scoliosis
  • Rickets
  • Lordosis
  • Achondroplasia
  • Brittle bone disease
  • Muscular dystrophy

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