7^th International Conference on Spine and Spinal Disorders October 22-23, 2021 Rome, Italy

When viewed from the side, spine stands upright and curves slightly inward near the head, then outward, then inward again near the underside. This “S” shape enables the spine to form excellent support and balance to the body while also offering shock absorption to distribute the force of everyday activities like walking.

Damage to a part of the spinal cord or nerves at the top of the spinal canal  often causes permanent changes in strength, sensation and other body functions below the positioning of the injury. It’s an extremely serious type of physical trauma that’s likely to have a lasting and significant impact on most aspects of daily life.

Rapid prototyping (RP), also called three-dimensional printing (3DP), allows the rapid conversion of anatomical images into physical components by the use of special printers. This novel technology has also become a promising innovation for spine surgery. As a result of the developments in 3DP technology, production speeds have increased, and costs have decreased.

Back pain is  common because it's enigmatic. An estimated 90% of the population will experience a minimum of 1 episode of back pain with the overwhelming majority of symptoms resolving within one month. However, for few people, back pain can become chronic and disabling. There are multiple causes of back pain. These include the muscles of the back, ligaments, nerves and the bony architecture of the spine to name a few. Unfortunately, the normal process of aging is responsible for the majority of changes in our spinal anatomy, some of which can cause pain.

Spinal cord compression takes place when a mass places pressure on the cord. A mass can include a tumor or bone fragment. Compression can develop anywhere along the complex body part from the neck to the lower spine. As your spinal cord travels down your back, it is protected by a stack of backbones called vertebrae. They also hold your body upright. The nerves of your spinal cord run through the openings between the vertebrae and out to your muscles.

Pregnant women may experience back pain that’s localized to the lower back area or radiates into the buttock, thigh, and legs, causing or mimicking sciatica symptoms. The pain could even be constant, intensify with activity, interfere with sleep, and/or reduce overall functioning. While the symptoms usually resolve spontaneously after delivery, some conditions may remain as chronic disorders. Women with pre-existing lower back problems are typically at a next level risk of arising pregnancy-related back pain.

Low back pain (LBP) may be a quite common problem that over 80% of the final population experience sometime in their life. The recent global epidemiological survey of 306 diseases in 188 countries revealed that LBP is one in all the foremost causes of disability-adjusted life years

One of the more unfortunate aspects of getting older is that your joints begin to wear out, oftentimes for no good reason. This wear and tear of the joints is’t only common within the knees and thus the hips but also within the spine. The precise reason why the joints of the spine begin to wear out is’t known and will be a mix of things, like doing many of lifting, having a case study of spine problems or having an injury to the spine.

Fractures caused by osteoporosis most often occur within the spine. These spinal fractures are called vertebral compression fractures occur in nearly 700,000 patients annually. They’re almost twice as common as other fractures typically linked to osteoporosis, like broken hips and wrists.

Osteoarthritis of the spine could be a breakdown of the cartilage of the joints and discs within the neck and lower back. Sometimes, osteoarthritis produces spurs that put pressure on the nerves leaving the spinal column. This might cause weakness and pain within the arms or legs.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is also a natural progression of the aging process. Degenerative disc disease (DDD) could be a pathologic condition related to IVD that has been related to chronic back pain. There are a spread of assorted  mechanisms of DDD (genetic, mechanical, exposure).There are some Surgical operation Options for Degenerative Disc Disease.

Numerous conditions can affect the spine anywhere from the neck to the lower back. Backbone, or spine, is made up of 26 bone discs called vertebrae. The vertebrae protect your spinal cord and allow you to stand and bend. A number of problems can change the structure of the spine or damage the vertebrae and surrounding tissue. Spine disorders have a wide variety of causes depending on the particular condition. For some conditions, the causes are unknown.

A spinal cord stimulator is an implanted device that sends low levels of electricity directly into the spinal cord to relieve pain. Spinal cord stimulation is used most often after nonsurgical pain treatment options have failed to provide sufficient relief.Although there are some disadvantage of stimulation can also be founded.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most accurate imaging test for spinal cord disorders. MRI shows the spinal cord, as well as abnormalities in the soft tissues around the cord (such as abscesses, hematomas, tumors, and ruptured disks) and in bone (such as tumors, fractures, and cervical spondylosis).

There are dozens of additional nonsurgical spine treatment options, including yoga, pilates, chiropractic, and others. It's recommended that each patient check with their qualified spine physician to find out what treatment methods may work best for their particular case.

Spine surgeries can be performed through anterior, posterior, lateral, or combined anterior–posterior approaches .Anterior approach is used for exposure of ventral spine and spinal cord; anterior approaches for thoracic and lumbar spine may require invasion of thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is a type of surgery on the bones of your spine (backbone). This type of surgery uses smaller incisions than standard surgery. This often causes less harm to nearby muscles and other tissues. It can lead to less pain and faster recovery after surgery.

The rehabilitation process following a spinal cord injury typically begins in the acute care setting. Occupational therapy plays an important role in the management of SCI. Recent studies emphasize the importance of early occupational therapy, started immediately after the client is stable.

Mr. I, age 31, has no significant past medical history and awoke with neck pain 2 hours before coming to the emergency department. He described his pain as sharp, rated 8 to 9 out of a possible 10 in intensity, and localizing to his neck and upper back without extremity radiation. During initial triage, some subtle weakness of the lower extremities was noted, but Mr. I remained ambulatory. While awaiting further assessment, he remarked that his legs became numb and his leg motor strength weaker. Mr. I was sent for an emergent cervicothoracic MRI and findings showed a large dorsal epidural hematoma with severe spinal cord compression from C5 to T2.

There are six types of spondyType I is congenital (birth defect) or dysplastic (developed abnormally early in life), Type II is isthmic (caused by a pars fracture and instability), Type III is degenerative (caused by arthritis), Type IV is traumatic (acute facet fracture/injury to the facet complex), Type V is pathologic (caused by a tumor, cancer, or infection), and Type IV is postsurgical (iatrogenic bone removal).spinal tumors that are usually benign include neurofibromas, schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, astrocytomas, hemangioblastomas, osteosarcomas, and osteoid osteomas. Malignant: A malignant tumor is cancerous. It will destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body.